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mercury/library/int.m
Julien Fischer e0f5ac47db Make it easier for vi to jump past the initial comments
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library/*.m:
	Make it easier for vi to jump past the initial comments
	at the head of a module.
2006-04-19 05:18:00 +00:00

800 lines
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Mathematica

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
% vim: ft=mercury ts=4 sw=4 et wm=0 tw=0
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
% Copyright (C) 1994-2006 The University of Melbourne.
% This file may only be copied under the terms of the GNU Library General
% Public License - see the file COPYING.LIB in the Mercury distribution.
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
%
% File: int.m.
% Main authors: conway, fjh.
% Stability: medium.
%
% Predicates and functions for dealing with machine-size integer numbers.
%
% The behaviour of a computation for which overflow occurs is undefined.
% (In the current implementation, the predicates and functions in this
% module do not check for overflow, and the results you get are those
% delivered by the C compiler. However, future implementations
% might check for overflow.)
%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
:- module int.
:- interface.
:- import_module array.
:- import_module enum.
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
:- instance enum(int).
% less than
%
:- pred (int::in) < (int::in) is semidet.
% greater than
%
:- pred (int::in) > (int::in) is semidet.
% less than or equal
%
:- pred (int::in) =< (int::in) is semidet.
% greater than or equal
%
:- pred (int::in) >= (int::in) is semidet.
% absolute value
%
:- func int.abs(int) = int.
:- pred int.abs(int::in, int::out) is det.
% maximum
%
:- func int.max(int, int) = int.
:- pred int.max(int::in, int::in, int::out) is det.
% minimum
%
:- func int.min(int, int) = int.
:- pred int.min(int::in, int::in, int::out) is det.
% conversion of integer to floating point
% OBSOLETE: use float.float/1 instead.
%
:- pragma obsolete(int.to_float/2).
:- pred int.to_float(int::in, float::out) is det.
% exponentiation
% int.pow(X, Y, Z): Z is X raised to the Yth power
% Throws a `math.domain_error' exception if Y is negative.
%
:- func int.pow(int, int) = int.
:- pred int.pow(int::in, int::in, int::out) is det.
% base 2 logarithm
% int.log2(X) = N is the least integer such that 2 to the
% power N is greater than or equal to X.
% Throws a `math.domain_error' exception if X is not positive.
%
:- func int.log2(int) = int.
:- pred int.log2(int::in, int::out) is det.
% addition
%
:- func int + int = int.
:- mode in + in = uo is det.
:- mode uo + in = in is det.
:- mode in + uo = in is det.
:- func int.plus(int, int) = int.
% multiplication
%
:- func (int::in) * (int::in) = (int::uo) is det.
:- func int.times(int, int) = int.
% subtraction
%
:- func int - int = int.
:- mode in - in = uo is det.
:- mode uo - in = in is det.
:- mode in - uo = in is det.
:- func int.minus(int, int) = int.
% flooring integer division
% Truncates towards minus infinity, e.g. (-10) // 3 = (-4).
%
% Throws a `math.domain_error' exception if the right operand
% is zero. See the comments at the top of math.m to find out how to
% disable domain checks.
%
:- func div(int::in, int::in) = (int::uo) is det.
% truncating integer division
% Truncates towards zero, e.g. (-10) // 3 = (-3).
% `div' has nicer mathematical properties for negative operands,
% but `//' is typically more efficient.
%
% Throws a `math.domain_error' exception if the right operand
% is zero. See the comments at the top of math.m to find out how to
% disable domain checks.
%
:- func (int::in) // (int::in) = (int::uo) is det.
% (/)/2 is a synonym for (//)/2 to bring Mercury into line with
% the common convention for naming integer division.
%
:- func (int::in) / (int::in) = (int::uo) is det.
% unchecked_quotient(X, Y) is the same as X // Y, but the
% behaviour is undefined if the right operand is zero.
%
:- func unchecked_quotient(int::in, int::in) = (int::uo) is det.
% modulus
% X mod Y = X - (X div Y) * Y
%
:- func (int::in) mod (int::in) = (int::uo) is det.
% remainder
% X rem Y = X - (X // Y) * Y
% `mod' has nicer mathematical properties for negative X,
% but `rem' is typically more efficient.
%
% Throws a `math.domain_error' exception if the right operand
% is zero. See the comments at the top of math.m to find out how to
% disable domain checks.
%
:- func (int::in) rem (int::in) = (int::uo) is det.
% unchecked_rem(X, Y) is the same as X rem Y, but the
% behaviour is undefined if the right operand is zero.
:- func unchecked_rem(int::in, int::in) = (int::uo) is det.
% Left shift.
% X << Y returns X "left shifted" by Y bits.
% To be precise, if Y is negative, the result is
% X div (2^(-Y)), otherwise the result is X * (2^Y).
%
:- func (int::in) << (int::in) = (int::uo) is det.
% unchecked_left_shift(X, Y) is the same as X << Y
% except that the behaviour is undefined if Y is negative,
% or greater than or equal to the result of `int.bits_per_int/1'.
% It will typically be implemented more efficiently than X << Y.
%
:- func unchecked_left_shift(int::in, int::in) = (int::uo) is det.
% Right shift.
% X >> Y returns X "arithmetic right shifted" by Y bits.
% To be precise, if Y is negative, the result is
% X * (2^(-Y)), otherwise the result is X div (2^Y).
%
:- func (int::in) >> (int::in) = (int::uo) is det.
% unchecked_right_shift(X, Y) is the same as X >> Y
% except that the behaviour is undefined if Y is negative,
% or greater than or equal to the result of `int.bits_per_int/1'.
% It will typically be implemented more efficiently than X >> Y.
%
:- func unchecked_right_shift(int::in, int::in) = (int::uo) is det.
% even(X) is equivalent to (X mod 2 = 0).
%
:- pred even(int::in) is semidet.
% odd(X) is equivalent to (not even(X)), i.e. (X mod 2 = 1).
%
:- pred odd(int::in) is semidet.
% bitwise and
%
:- func (int::in) /\ (int::in) = (int::uo) is det.
% bitwise or
%
:- func (int::in) \/ (int::in) = (int::uo) is det.
% bitwise exclusive or (xor)
%
:- func int.xor(int, int) = int.
:- mode int.xor(in, in) = uo is det.
:- mode int.xor(in, uo) = in is det.
:- mode int.xor(uo, in) = in is det.
% bitwise complement
%
:- func \ (int::in) = (int::uo) is det.
% unary plus
%
:- func + (int::in) = (int::uo) is det.
% unary minus
%
:- func - (int::in) = (int::uo) is det.
% is/2, for backwards compatibility with Prolog.
%
:- pred is(T, T) is det.
:- mode is(uo, di) is det.
:- mode is(out, in) is det.
% int.max_int is the maximum value of an int
% on this machine.
%
:- func int.max_int = int.
:- pred int.max_int(int::out) is det.
% int.min_int is the minimum value of an int
% on this machine.
%
:- func int.min_int = int.
:- pred int.min_int(int::out) is det.
% int.bits_per_int is the number of bits in an int
% on this machine.
%
:- func int.bits_per_int = int.
:- pred int.bits_per_int(int::out) is det.
% fold_up(F, Low, High, !Acc) <=> list.foldl(F, Low .. High, !Acc)
%
% NOTE: fold_up/5 is undefined if High = int.max_int.
%
:- pred int.fold_up(pred(int, T, T), int, int, T, T).
:- mode int.fold_up(pred(in, in, out) is det, in, in, in, out) is det.
:- mode int.fold_up(pred(in, di, uo) is det, in, in, di, uo) is det.
:- mode int.fold_up(pred(in, array_di, array_uo) is det, in, in,
array_di, array_uo) is det.
:- mode int.fold_up(pred(in, in, out) is semidet, in, in, in, out)
is semidet.
:- mode int.fold_up(pred(in, in, out) is nondet, in, in, in, out)
is nondet.
:- mode int.fold_up(pred(in, di, uo) is cc_multi, in, in, di, uo)
is cc_multi.
:- mode int.fold_up(pred(in, in, out) is cc_multi, in, in, in, out)
is cc_multi.
% fold_up(F, Low, High, Acc) <=> list.foldl(F, Low .. High, Acc)
%
% NOTE: fold_up/4 is undefined if High = int.max_int.
%
:- func int.fold_up(func(int, T) = T, int, int, T) = T.
% fold_down(F, Low, High, !Acc) <=> list.foldr(F, Low .. High, !Acc)
%
% NOTE: fold_down/5 is undefined if Low int.min_int.
%
:- pred int.fold_down(pred(int, T, T), int, int, T, T).
:- mode int.fold_down(pred(in, in, out) is det, in, in, in, out) is det.
:- mode int.fold_down(pred(in, di, uo) is det, in, in, di, uo) is det.
:- mode int.fold_down(pred(in, array_di, array_uo) is det, in, in,
array_di, array_uo) is det.
:- mode int.fold_down(pred(in, in, out) is semidet, in, in, in, out)
is semidet.
:- mode int.fold_down(pred(in, in, out) is nondet, in, in, in, out)
is nondet.
:- mode int.fold_down(pred(in, di, uo) is cc_multi, in, in, di, uo)
is cc_multi.
:- mode int.fold_down(pred(in, in, out) is cc_multi, in, in, in, out)
is cc_multi.
% fold_down(F, Low, High, Acc) <=> list.foldr(F, Low .. High, Acc)
%
% NOTE: fold_down/4 is undefined if Low = int.min_int.
%
:- func int.fold_down(func(int, T) = T, int, int, T) = T.
% fold_up2(F, Low, High, !Acc1, Acc2) <=>
% list.foldl2(F, Low .. High, !Acc1, !Acc2)
%
% NOTE: fold_up2/7 is undefined if High = int.max_int.
%
:- pred int.fold_up2(pred(int, T, T, U, U), int, int, T, T, U, U).
:- mode int.fold_up2(pred(in, in, out, in, out) is det, in, in, in, out,
in, out) is det.
:- mode int.fold_up2(pred(in, in, out, in, out) is semidet, in, in,
in, out, in, out) is semidet.
:- mode int.fold_up2(pred(in, in, out, in, out) is nondet, in, in,
in, out, in, out) is nondet.
:- mode int.fold_up2(pred(in, in, out, di, uo) is det, in, in, in, out,
di, uo) is det.
:- mode int.fold_up2(pred(in, di, uo, di, uo) is det, in, in, di, uo,
di, uo) is det.
% fold_down2(F, Low, High, !Acc1, !Acc2) <=>
% list.foldr2(F, Low .. High, !Acc1, Acc2).
%
% NOTE: fold_down2/7 is undefined if Low = int.min_int.
%
:- pred int.fold_down2(pred(int, T, T, U, U), int, int, T, T, U, U).
:- mode int.fold_down2(pred(in, in, out, in, out) is det, in, in, in, out,
in, out) is det.
:- mode int.fold_down2(pred(in, in, out, in, out) is semidet, in, in,
in, out, in, out) is semidet.
:- mode int.fold_down2(pred(in, in, out, in, out) is nondet, in, in,
in, out, in, out) is nondet.
:- mode int.fold_down2(pred(in, in, out, di, uo) is det, in, in, in, out,
di, uo) is det.
:- mode int.fold_down2(pred(in, di, uo, di, uo) is det, in, in, di, uo,
di, uo) is det.
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
:- implementation.
:- interface.
% Everything below here will not appear in the
% Mercury Library Reference Manual.
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
% commutivity and associativity of +
:- promise all [A, B, C] ( C = B + A <=> C = A + B ).
:- promise all [A, B, C, ABC] ( ABC = (A + B) + C <=> ABC = A + (B + C) ).
% commutivity and associativity of *
:- promise all [A, B, C] ( C = B * A <=> C = A * B ).
:- promise all [A, B, C, ABC] ( ABC = (A * B) * C <=> ABC = A * (B * C) ).
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
% floor_to_multiple_of_bits_per_int(Int):
%
% Returns the largest multiple of bits_per_int which is less than or
% equal to `Int'.
%
% Used by sparse_bitset.m. Makes it clearer to gcc that parts
% of this operation can be optimized into shifts, without
% turning up the optimization level.
%
:- func floor_to_multiple_of_bits_per_int(int) = int.
% Used by floor_to_multiple_of_bits_per_int, placed
% here to make sure they go in the `.opt' file.
% int.quot_bits_per_int(X) = X // bits_per_int.
%
:- func int.quot_bits_per_int(int) = int.
% int.times_bits_per_int(X) = X * bits_per_int.
%
:- func int.times_bits_per_int(int) = int.
% Used by bitmap.m. Like the ones above, the purpose of
% defining this in C is to make it clearer to gcc that
% this can be optimized.
% int.rem_bits_per_int(X) = X `rem` bits_per_int.
%
:- func int.rem_bits_per_int(int) = int.
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
:- implementation.
:- import_module exception.
:- import_module math.
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
:- instance enum(int) where [
to_int(X) = X,
from_int(X) = X
].
% Most of the arithmetic and comparison operators are recognized by
% the compiler as builtins, so we don't need to define them here.
X div Y = Div :-
Trunc = X // Y,
(
( X >= 0, Y >= 0
; X < 0, Y < 0
; X rem Y = 0
)
->
Div = Trunc
;
Div = Trunc - 1
).
:- pragma inline('//'/2).
X // Y = Div :-
(
domain_checks,
Y = 0
->
throw(math.domain_error("int.'//'"))
;
Div = unchecked_quotient(X, Y)
).
:- pragma inline('/'/2).
X / Y = X // Y.
:- pragma inline(rem/2).
X rem Y = Rem :-
(
domain_checks,
Y = 0
->
throw(math.domain_error("int.rem"))
;
Rem = unchecked_rem(X, Y)
).
% This code is included here rather than just calling the version
% in math.m because we currently don't do transitive inter-module
% inlining, so code which uses `//'/2 but doesn't import math.m
% couldn't have the domain check optimized away.
:- pred domain_checks is semidet.
:- pragma inline(domain_checks/0).
:- pragma foreign_proc("C",
domain_checks,
[will_not_call_mercury, promise_pure, thread_safe, will_not_modify_trail],
"
#ifdef ML_OMIT_MATH_DOMAIN_CHECKS
SUCCESS_INDICATOR = MR_FALSE;
#else
SUCCESS_INDICATOR = MR_TRUE;
#endif
").
:- pragma foreign_proc("C#",
domain_checks,
[thread_safe, promise_pure],
"
#if ML_OMIT_MATH_DOMAIN_CHECKS
SUCCESS_INDICATOR = false;
#else
SUCCESS_INDICATOR = true;
#endif
").
:- pragma foreign_proc("Java",
domain_checks,
[thread_safe, promise_pure],
"
succeeded = true;
").
:- pragma inline(floor_to_multiple_of_bits_per_int/1).
floor_to_multiple_of_bits_per_int(X) = Floor :-
Trunc = quot_bits_per_int(X),
Floor0 = times_bits_per_int(Trunc),
( Floor0 > X ->
Floor = Floor0 - bits_per_int
;
Floor = Floor0
).
X mod Y = X - (X div Y) * Y.
X << Y = Z :-
int.bits_per_int(IntBits),
( Y >= 0 ->
( Y >= IntBits ->
Z = 0
;
Z = unchecked_left_shift(X, Y)
)
;
( Y =< -IntBits ->
Z = (if X >= 0 then 0 else -1)
;
Z = unchecked_right_shift(X, -Y)
)
).
% Note: this assumes two's complement arithmetic.
% tests/hard_coded/shift_test.m will fail if this is not the case.
X >> Y = Z :-
int.bits_per_int(IntBits),
( Y >= 0 ->
( Y >= IntBits ->
Z = (if X >= 0 then 0 else -1)
;
Z = unchecked_right_shift(X, Y)
)
;
( Y =< -IntBits ->
Z = 0
;
Z = unchecked_left_shift(X, -Y)
)
).
:- pragma inline(even/1).
even(X):-
(X /\ 1) = 0.
:- pragma inline(odd/1).
odd(X):-
(X /\ 1) \= 0.
int.abs(Num) = Abs :-
int.abs(Num, Abs).
int.abs(Num, Abs) :-
( Num < 0 ->
Abs = 0 - Num
;
Abs = Num
).
int.max(X, Y) = Max :-
int.max(X, Y, Max).
int.max(X, Y, Max) :-
( X > Y ->
Max = X
;
Max = Y
).
int.min(X, Y) = Min :-
int.min(X, Y, Min).
int.min(X, Y, Min) :-
( X < Y ->
Min = X
;
Min = Y
).
int.pow(Base, Exp) = Result :-
int.pow(Base, Exp, Result).
int.pow(Base, Exp, Result) :-
( domain_checks, Exp < 0 ->
throw(math.domain_error("int.pow"))
;
Result = int.multiply_by_pow(1, Base, Exp)
).
% Returns Scale0 * (Base ** Exp).
% Requires that Exp >= 0.
%
:- func int.multiply_by_pow(int, int, int) = int.
int.multiply_by_pow(Scale0, Base, Exp) = Result :-
( Exp = 0 ->
Result = Scale0
;
( odd(Exp) ->
Scale1 = Scale0 * Base
;
Scale1 = Scale0
),
Result = int.multiply_by_pow(Scale1, Base * Base, Exp div 2)
).
int.log2(X) = N :-
int.log2(X, N).
int.log2(X, N) :-
( domain_checks, X =< 0 ->
throw(math.domain_error("int.log2"))
;
int.log2_2(X, 0, N)
).
:- pred int.log2_2(int, int, int).
:- mode int.log2_2(in, in, out) is det.
int.log2_2(X, N0, N) :-
( X = 1 ->
N = N0
;
X1 = X + 1,
X2 = X1 // 2,
N1 = N0 + 1,
int.log2_2(X2, N1, N)
).
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
% is/2 is replaced with `=' in the parser, but the following is useful
% in case you should take the address of `is' or something weird like that.
is(X, X).
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
:- pragma foreign_proc("C",
int.to_float(IntVal::in, FloatVal::out),
[will_not_call_mercury, promise_pure, thread_safe, will_not_modify_trail],
"
FloatVal = IntVal;
").
:- pragma foreign_proc("C#",
int.to_float(IntVal::in, FloatVal::out),
[will_not_call_mercury, promise_pure, thread_safe],
"
FloatVal = (double) IntVal;
").
:- pragma foreign_proc("Java",
int.to_float(IntVal::in, FloatVal::out),
[will_not_call_mercury, promise_pure, thread_safe],
"
FloatVal = (double) IntVal;
").
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
:- pragma foreign_decl("C", "
#include <limits.h>
#define ML_BITS_PER_INT (sizeof(MR_Integer) * CHAR_BIT)
").
:- pragma foreign_proc("C",
int.max_int(Max::out),
[will_not_call_mercury, promise_pure, thread_safe, will_not_modify_trail],
"
if (sizeof(MR_Integer) == sizeof(int)) {
Max = INT_MAX;
} else if (sizeof(MR_Integer) == sizeof(long)) {
Max = LONG_MAX;
} else {
MR_fatal_error(""Unable to figure out max integer size"");
}
").
:- pragma foreign_proc("C",
int.min_int(Min::out),
[will_not_call_mercury, promise_pure, thread_safe, will_not_modify_trail],
"
if (sizeof(MR_Integer) == sizeof(int)) {
Min = INT_MIN;
} else if (sizeof(MR_Integer) == sizeof(long)) {
Min = LONG_MIN;
} else {
MR_fatal_error(""Unable to figure out min integer size"");
}
").
:- pragma foreign_proc("C",
int.bits_per_int(Bits::out),
[will_not_call_mercury, promise_pure, thread_safe, will_not_modify_trail],
"
Bits = ML_BITS_PER_INT;
").
:- pragma foreign_proc("C",
int.quot_bits_per_int(Int::in) = (Div::out),
[will_not_call_mercury, promise_pure, thread_safe, will_not_modify_trail],
"
Div = Int / ML_BITS_PER_INT;
").
:- pragma foreign_proc("C",
int.times_bits_per_int(Int::in) = (Result::out),
[will_not_call_mercury, promise_pure, thread_safe, will_not_modify_trail],
"
Result = Int * ML_BITS_PER_INT;
").
:- pragma foreign_proc("C",
int.rem_bits_per_int(Int::in) = (Rem::out),
[will_not_call_mercury, promise_pure, thread_safe, will_not_modify_trail],
"
Rem = Int % ML_BITS_PER_INT;
").
:- pragma foreign_proc("C#",
int.max_int(Max::out),
[will_not_call_mercury, promise_pure, thread_safe],
"
Max = System.Int32.MaxValue;
").
:- pragma foreign_proc("C#",
int.min_int(Min::out),
[will_not_call_mercury, promise_pure, thread_safe],
"
Min = System.Int32.MinValue;
").
:- pragma foreign_proc("C#",
int.bits_per_int(Bits::out),
[will_not_call_mercury, promise_pure, thread_safe],
"
// we are using int32 in the compiler.
// XXX would be better to avoid hard-coding this here.
Bits = 32;
").
:- pragma foreign_proc("Java",
int.max_int(Max::out),
[will_not_call_mercury, promise_pure, thread_safe],
"
Max = java.lang.Integer.MAX_VALUE;
").
:- pragma foreign_proc("Java",
int.min_int(Min::out),
[will_not_call_mercury, promise_pure, thread_safe],
"
Min = java.lang.Integer.MIN_VALUE;
").
:- pragma foreign_proc("Java",
int.bits_per_int(Bits::out),
[will_not_call_mercury, promise_pure, thread_safe],
"
// Java ints are 32 bits.
Bits = 32;
").
int.quot_bits_per_int(Int::in) = (Result::out) :-
Result = Int // int.bits_per_int.
int.times_bits_per_int(Int::in) = (Result::out) :-
Result = Int * int.bits_per_int.
int.rem_bits_per_int(Int::in) = (Result::out) :-
Result = Int rem int.bits_per_int.
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
% Ralph Becket <rwab1@cl.cam.ac.uk> 27/04/99
% Functional forms added.
int.max_int = X :-
int.max_int(X).
int.min_int = X :-
int.min_int(X).
int.bits_per_int = X :-
int.bits_per_int(X).
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
int.fold_up(P, Lo, Hi, !A) :-
( if Lo =< Hi
then P(Lo, !A), int.fold_up(P, Lo + 1, Hi, !A)
else true
).
int.fold_up(F, Lo, Hi, A) =
( if Lo =< Hi then int.fold_up(F, Lo + 1, Hi, F(Lo, A)) else A ).
int.fold_up2(P, Lo, Hi, !A, !B) :-
( if Lo =< Hi
then P(Lo, !A, !B), int.fold_up2(P, Lo + 1, Hi, !A, !B)
else true
).
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
int.fold_down(P, Lo, Hi, !A) :-
( if Lo =< Hi
then P(Hi, !A), int.fold_down(P, Lo, Hi - 1, !A)
else true
).
int.fold_down(F, Lo, Hi, A) =
( if Lo =< Hi then int.fold_down(F, Lo, Hi - 1, F(Hi, A)) else A ).
int.fold_down2(P, Lo, Hi, !A, !B) :-
( if Lo =< Hi
then P(Hi, !A, !B), int.fold_down2(P, Lo, Hi - 1, !A, !B)
else true
).
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
:- end_module int.
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%