mercury/samples/muz/toolkit.tex

\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}
%\usepackage{a4,fuzz}
\usepackage{a4,zed-csp}

\begin{document}

%%%%%
% Definitions moved earlier so they can be used before defined in the toolkit
%

%%ABBREV \pfun \nat \seq \bag
%%ABBREV \rel \ffun \finset

%%SYNTAX infun 1 \mapsto
%%SYNTAX infun 2 \upto
%%SYNTAX infun 3 + \cup \setminus \cat \uplus \uminus
%%SYNTAX infun 4 * \div \mod \cap \circ \comp \filter \extract \otimes
%%SYNTAX infun 5 \oplus \bcount
%%SYNTAX infun 6 \dres \rres \ndres \nrres
%%SYNTAX postfun \plus \star \inv
%%SYNTAX inrel \neq \notin \subseteq \subset < \leq \geq > \inbag \partition
%%SYNTAX inrel \prefix \subbageq \suffix \inseq
%%SYNTAX prerel \disjoint
%%SYNTAX ingen \rel \pfun \fun \pinj \inj \psurj \surj \bij \ffun \finj
%%SYNTAX pregen \power_1 \id \finset \finset_1 \seq \seq_1 \iseq \bag

%%MONOT \cup \cap \setminus \bigcup \bigcap count \uplus items
%%MONOT \plus \cat head last tail front rev \filter \dcat
%%MONOT first second \mapsto \dom \ran \dres \rres \ndres \nrres 
%%MONOT \inv \oplus \comp \circ
% Relational application (\limg \rimg) is also monotonic

\begin{zed}
	X \rel Y == \power ( X \cross Y ) \\
	X \fun Y == \power ( X \cross Y ) \\
\end{zed}

%%%
% D.1 Sets

\begin{gendef}[X]
	\_ \neq \_: X \rel X \\
	\_ \notin \_: X \rel \power X \\
\where
	\forall x, y: X @ x \neq y \iff \lnot ( x = y ) \\
	\forall x: X; S: \power X @ x \notin S \iff \lnot ( x \in S )
\end{gendef}

%%%

\begin{zed}
\emptyset[X] == \{ x: X | false \}
\end{zed}

\begin{gendef}[X]
	\_ \subseteq \_, \_ \subset \_: \power X \rel \power X \\
\where
	\forall S, T: \power X @ \\
	\t1	(S \subseteq T \iff (\forall x: X @ x \in S \implies x \in T))
									\land \\
	\t1	(S \subset T \iff S \subseteq T \land S \neq T)
\end{gendef}

\begin{zed}
\power_1 X == \{ S : \power X | S \neq \emptyset \}
\end{zed}

%%%

\begin{gendef}[X]
        \_  \cup \_ , \_ \cap \_ , \_ \setminus \_:
	                \power X \cross \power X \fun \power X \\
\where
	\forall S, T: \power X @ \\
	\t1	S \cup      T = \{ x : X | x \in S \lor  x \in T \} \land \\
	\t1	S \cap      T = \{ x : X | x \in S \land x \in T \} \land \\
	\t1	S \setminus T = \{ x : X | x \in S \land x \notin T \}
\end{gendef}

%%%

\begin{gendef}[X]
        \bigcup, \bigcap: \power (\power X) \fun \power X \\
\end{gendef}

%%%

\begin{gendef}[X, Y]
        first: X \cross Y \fun X \\
        second: X \cross Y \fun Y \\
\end{gendef}

%%%
% D.2 Relations

% \begin{zed}
% 	X \rel Y == \power ( X \cross Y )
% \end{zed}

\begin{gendef}[X, Y]
	\_ \mapsto \_: X \cross Y \fun X \cross Y \\
\where
	\forall x: X; y: Y @ \\
	\t1	x \mapsto y = (x, y)
\end{gendef}

%%%

\begin{gendef}[X, Y]
	\dom: (X \rel Y) \fun \power X \\
	\ran: (X \rel Y) \fun \power Y \\
\where
	\forall R : X \rel Y @ \\
	\t1	\dom R = \{ x: X; y: Y | (x \mapsto y) \in R @ x \} \land \\
	\t1	\ran R = \{ x: X; y: Y | (x \mapsto y) \in R @ y \}
\end{gendef}

%%%

\begin{zed}
\id X == \{ x: X @ x \mapsto x \}
\end{zed}

\begin{gendef}[X, Y, Z]
	\_ \comp \_: (X \rel Y) \cross (Y \rel Z) \fun (X \rel Z) \\
	\_ \circ \_: (Y \rel Z) \cross (X \rel Y) \fun (X \rel Z) \\
\end{gendef}

%%%

\begin{gendef}[X, Y]
	\_ \dres \_: \power X \cross (X \rel Y) \fun (X \rel Y) \\
	\_ \rres \_: (X \rel Y) \cross \power Y \fun (X \rel Y) \\
\end{gendef}

%%%

\begin{gendef}[X, Y]
	\_ \ndres \_: \power X \cross (X \rel Y) \fun (X \rel Y) \\
	\_ \nrres \_: (X \rel Y) \cross \power Y \fun (X \rel Y) \\
\end{gendef}

%%%

\begin{gendef}[X, Y]
	\_ \inv : (X \rel Y) \fun (Y \rel X)
\end{gendef}

%%%

\begin{gendef}[X, Y]
	\_ \limg \_ \rimg : (X \rel Y) \cross \power X \fun \power Y
\end{gendef}

%%%

\begin{gendef}[X]
	\_ \plus, \_ \star : (X \rel X) \fun (X \rel X)
\end{gendef}

%%%
% D.3 Functions

\begin{zed}
	X \pfun Y == \\
	\t1	\{ f: X \rel Y | ( \forall x: X; y_1, y_2: Y @ \\
	\t4	( x \mapsto y_1) \in f \land (x \mapsto y_2) \in f \implies
								y_1 = y_2 ) \}
% 	X \fun Y == \{ f: X \pfun Y | \dom f = X \}
\end{zed}

% \begin{gendef}[X, Y]
% 	NULL: X \cross Y
% \where
% 	X \fun Y = \{ f: X \pfun Y | \dom f = X \}
% \end{gendef}

%%%

\begin{zed}
	X \pinj Y == \\
	\t1	\{ f: X \pfun Y | ( \forall x_1, x_2: \dom f @
			f(x_1) = f(x_2) \implies x_1 = x_2) \} \\
	X \inj Y == (X \pinj Y) \cap (X \fun Y)
\end{zed}

%%%

\begin{zed}
	X \psurj Y == \{ f: X \pfun Y | \ran f = Y \} \\
	X \surj Y == (X \psurj Y) \cap (X \fun Y) \\
	X \bij Y == (X \surj Y) \cap (X \inj Y) \\
\end{zed}

%%%

\begin{gendef}[X, Y]
	\_ \oplus \_: (X \pfun Y) \cross (X \pfun Y) \fun (X \pfun Y) \\
\end{gendef}

%%%
% D.4 Numbers and finiteness

% \begin{zed}
% [\num]
% \end{zed}

\begin{axdef}
	\nat: \power \num \also
	\_ + \_ , \_ - \_ , \_ * \_: \num \cross \num \fun \num \\
	\_ \div \_, \_ \mod \_: \num \cross (\num \setminus \{0\}) \fun \num \\
%	- \_: \num \fun \num \also
	- : \num \fun \num \also
	\_ < \_ , \_ \leq \_ , \_ \geq \_ , \_ > \_: \num \rel \num \\
\where
	\nat = \{ n : \num | n \geq 0 \}
% ... other definitions omitted ...
\end{axdef}

%%%

\begin{zed}
	\nat_1 == \nat \setminus \{0\}
\end{zed}

\begin{axdef}
	succ : \nat \fun \nat \\
\where
	\forall n: \nat @ succ(n) = n + 1 \\
\end{axdef}

%%%

\begin{gendef}[X]
	iter: \num \fun (X \rel X) \fun (X \rel X) \\
\where
	\forall R: X \rel X @ \\
	\t1	iter 0 R = \id X \land \\
	\t1	(\forall k: \nat @ iter(k+1) R = R \comp (iter k R)) \land \\
	\t1	(\forall k: \nat @ iter(-k) R = iter k (R\inv)) \\
\end{gendef}

%%%

\begin{axdef}
	\_ \upto \_: \num \cross \num \fun \power \num \\
\where
	\forall a, b: \num @ \\
	\t1	a \upto b = \{ k: \num | a \leq k \leq b \}
\end{axdef}

%%%

\begin{zed}
	\finset X == \{ S : \power X | \exists n : \nat @
				\exists f : 1 \upto n \fun S @ \ran f = S \} \\
	\finset_1 X == \finset X \setminus \{ \emptyset \} \\
\end{zed}

\begin{gendef}[X]
	\#: \finset X \fun \nat \\
\where
	\forall S: \finset X @ \\
	\t1	\# S = (\mu n : \nat |
			(\exists f : 1 \upto n \inj S @ \ran f = S))
\end{gendef}

%%%

\begin{zed}
	X \ffun Y == \{ f: X \pfun Y | \dom f \in \finset X \} \\
	X \finj Y == (X \ffun Y) \cap (X \inj Y) \\
\end{zed}

%%%

\begin{axdef}
	min: \power_1 \num \pfun \num \\
	max: \power_1 \num \pfun \num \\
\where
	min = \{ S: \power_1 \num; m: \num | \\
	\t2	m \in S \land (\forall n: S @ m \leq n) @ S \mapsto m \} \also
	max = \{ S: \power_1 \num; m: \num | \\
	\t2	m \in S \land (\forall n: S @ m \geq n) @ S \mapsto m \} \also
\end{axdef}

%%%
% D.5 Sequences

\begin{zed}
	\seq X == \{ f : \nat \ffun X | \dom f = 1 \upto \# f \} \\
	\seq_1 X == \{ f : \seq X | \# f > 0 \} \\
	\iseq X == \seq X \cap (\nat \pinj X) \\
\end{zed}

%%%

\begin{gendef}[X]
        \_ \cat \_ :  \seq X \cross \seq X \fun \seq X \\
\where
	\forall s, t: \seq X @ \\
	\t1	s \cat t = s \cup \{ n : \dom t @ n + \# s \mapsto t(n) \}
\end{gendef}

%%%

\begin{gendef}[X]
        head, last:  \seq_1 X \fun X \\
        tail, front:  \seq_1 X \fun \seq X \\
\where
	\forall s: \seq_1 X @ \\
	\t1	head~s = s(1) \land \\
	\t1	last~s = s(\# s) \land \\
	\t1	tail~s = (\lambda n: 1\upto \#s-1 @ s(n+1)) \land \\
	\t1	front~s = (1\upto \#s-1) \dres s \\
\end{gendef}

%%%

\begin{gendef}[X]
        rev:  \seq X \fun \seq X \\
\where
	\forall s: \seq X @ \\
	\t1	rev~s = (\lambda n: \dom s @ s(\#s-n+1)) \\
\end{gendef}

%%%

\begin{gendef}[X]
        \_ \filter \_ : \seq X \cross \power X \fun \seq X \\
\where
	\forall V: \power X @ \\
	\t1	\langle \rangle \filter V = \langle \rangle \land \\
	\t1	(\forall x: X @ \\
	\t2		(x \in V \implies \langle x \rangle \filter V =
						\langle x \rangle) \land \\
	\t2		(x \notin V \implies \langle x \rangle \filter V =
						\langle \rangle)) \land \\
	\t1	(\forall s, t: \seq X @ \\
	\t2		((s \cat t) \filter V =
					(s \filter V) \cat (t \filter V))) \\
\end{gendef}

%%%ADDITION

\begin{gendef}[X]
        \_ \extract \_ : \power \nat \cross \seq X \fun \seq X \\
	\_ \prefix \_, \_ \suffix \_, \_ \inseq \_: \seq X \rel \seq X \\
\end{gendef}

%%%

\begin{gendef}[X]
        \dcat: \seq (\seq X) \fun \seq X \\
\where
	\dcat \langle \rangle = \langle \rangle \\
	\forall s: \seq X @ \dcat \langle s \rangle = s \\
	\forall q, r: \seq (\seq X) @ \\
	\t1	\dcat (q \cat r) = (\dcat q) \cat (\dcat r) \\
\end{gendef}

%%%

\begin{gendef}[I, X]
        \disjoint \_ : \power (I \pfun \power X) \\
        \_ \partition \_ : (I \pfun \power X) \rel \power X \\
\where
	\forall S: I \pfun \power X; T: \power X @ \\
	\t1	(\disjoint S \iff \\
	\t2		(\forall i, j: \dom S | i \neq j @
				S(i) \cap S(j) = \emptyset)) \land \\
	\t1	(S \partition T \iff \\
	\t2		\disjoint S \land \bigcup \{ i: \dom S @ S(i) \} = T) \\
\end{gendef}

%%%
% D.6 Bags

\begin{zed}
	\bag X == X \pfun \nat_1 \\
\end{zed}

\begin{gendef}[X]
	count: \bag X \inj (X \fun \nat) \\
        \_ \inbag \_ :  X \rel \bag X \\
\where
	\forall x: X; B: \bag X @ \\
	\t1	count~B = (\lambda x: X @ 0) \oplus B \land \\
	\t1	x \inbag B \iff x \in \dom B \\
\end{gendef}

%%%

\begin{gendef}[X]
	\_ \uplus \_ :  \bag X \cross \bag X \fun \bag X \\
\where
	\forall B, C: \bag X; x: X @ \\
	\t1	count~(B \uplus C) x = count~B x + count~C x \\
\end{gendef}

%%%

\begin{gendef}[X]
	items:  \seq X \fun \bag X \\
\where
	\forall s: \seq X; x: X @ \\
	\t1	count~(items~s) x = \# \{ i: \dom s | s(i) = x \} \\
\end{gendef}

%%%ADDITIONS

\begin{gendef}[X]
	\_ \uminus \_ :  \bag X \cross \bag X \fun \bag X \\
	\_ \bcount \_: \bag X \cross X \fun \nat \\
	\_ \otimes \_: \nat \cross \bag X \fun \bag X \\
	\_ \subbageq \_: \bag X \rel \bag X \\
\end{gendef}

\end{document}