mercury/compiler/type_util.m

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
% Copyright (C) 1994-1997 The University of Melbourne.
% This file may only be copied under the terms of the GNU General
% Public License - see the file COPYING in the Mercury distribution.
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%

% File: type_util.m.
% Main author: fjh.

% This file provides some utility predicates which operate on types.
% It is used by various stages of the compilation after type-checking,
% include the mode checker and the code generator.

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%

:- module type_util.

:- interface.

:- import_module hlds_module, hlds_pred, hlds_data, prog_data.

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%

	% Succeed iff type is an "atomic" type - one which can be
	% unified using a simple_test rather than a complicated_unify.

:- pred type_is_atomic(type, module_info).
:- mode type_is_atomic(in, in) is semidet.

	% type_is_higher_order(Type, PredOrFunc, ArgTypes) succeeds iff
	% Type is a higher-order predicate or function type with the specified
	% argument types (for functions, the return type is appended to the
	% end of the argument types).

:- pred type_is_higher_order(type, pred_or_func, list(type)).
:- mode type_is_higher_order(in, out, out) is semidet.

	% type_id_is_higher_order(TypeId, PredOrFunc) succeeds iff
	% TypeId is a higher-order predicate or function type.

:- pred type_id_is_higher_order(type_id, pred_or_func).
:- mode type_id_is_higher_order(in, out) is semidet.

	% Given a type, determine what sort of type it is.

:- pred classify_type(type, module_info, builtin_type).
:- mode classify_type(in, in, out) is det.

:- type builtin_type	--->	int_type
			;	char_type
			;	str_type
			;	float_type
			;	pred_type
			;	enum_type
			;	polymorphic_type
			;	user_type(type).

	% Given a non-variable type, return its type-id and argument types.

:- pred type_to_type_id(type, type_id, list(type)).
:- mode type_to_type_id(in, out, out) is semidet.

	% Given a variable type, return its type variable.
	
:- pred type_util__var(type, var).
:- mode type_util__var(in, out) is semidet.
:- mode type_util__var(out, in) is det.

	% Given a type_id, a list of argument types and maybe a context,
	% construct a type.

:- pred construct_type(type_id, list(type), (type)).
:- mode construct_type(in, in, out) is det.

:- pred construct_type(type_id, list(type), term__context, (type)).
:- mode construct_type(in, in, in, out) is det.

	% Given a constant and an arity, return a type_id.
	% Fails if the constant is not an atom.

:- pred make_type_id(const, int, type_id).
:- mode make_type_id(in, in, out) is semidet.

	% Given a type_id, look up its module/name/arity

:- pred type_util__type_id_module(module_info, type_id, module_name).
:- mode type_util__type_id_module(in, in, out) is det.

:- pred type_util__type_id_name(module_info, type_id, string).
:- mode type_util__type_id_name(in, in, out) is det.

:- pred type_util__type_id_arity(module_info, type_id, arity).
:- mode type_util__type_id_arity(in, in, out) is det.

	% If the type is a du type, return the list of its constructors.

:- pred type_constructors(type, module_info, list(constructor)).
:- mode type_constructors(in, in, out) is semidet.

	% Work out the types of the arguments of a functor.
:- pred type_util__get_cons_id_arg_types(module_info::in, (type)::in,
		cons_id::in, list(type)::out) is det.

	% Given a list of constructors for a type,
	% check whether that type is a no_tag type
	% (i.e. one with only one constructor, and
	% whose one constructor has only one argument,
	% and which is not mercury_builtin:type_info/1),
	% and if so, return its constructor symbol and argument type.

:- pred type_is_no_tag_type(list(constructor), sym_name, type).
:- mode type_is_no_tag_type(in, out, out) is semidet.

	% Unify (with occurs check) two types with respect to a type
	% substitution and update the type bindings.
	% The third argument is a list of type variables which cannot
	% be bound (i.e. head type variables).

:- pred type_unify(type, type, list(tvar), tsubst, tsubst).
:- mode type_unify(in, in, in, in, out) is semidet.

:- pred type_unify_list(list(type), list(type), list(tvar), tsubst, tsubst).
:- mode type_unify_list(in, in, in, in, out) is semidet.

	% Return a list of the type variables of a type.

:- pred type_util__vars(type, list(tvar)).
:- mode type_util__vars(in, out) is det.

	% type_list_subsumes(TypesA, TypesB, Subst) succeeds iff the list
	% TypesA subsumes (is more general than) TypesB, producing a
	% type substitution which when applied to TypesA will give TypesB.

:- pred type_list_subsumes(list(type), list(type), tsubst).
:- mode type_list_subsumes(in, in, out) is semidet.

	% apply a type substitution (i.e. map from tvar -> type)
	% to all the types in a variable typing (i.e. map from var -> type).

:- pred apply_substitution_to_type_map(map(var, type), tsubst, map(var, type)).
:- mode apply_substitution_to_type_map(in, in, out) is det.

        % same thing as above, except for a recursive substitution
        % (i.e. we keep applying the substitution recursively until
        % there are no more changes).

:- pred apply_rec_substitution_to_type_map(map(var, type), tsubst,
						 map(var, type)).
:- mode apply_rec_substitution_to_type_map(in, in, out) is det.

	% Update a map from tvar to var, using the type substititon to
	% rename tvars and a variable substition to rename vars.
	%
	% If tvar maps to a another type variable, we keep the new
	% variable, if it maps to a type, we remove it from the map.

:- pred apply_substitutions_to_var_map(map(tvar, var), tsubst, map(var, var), 
		map(tvar, var)).
:- mode apply_substitutions_to_var_map(in, in, in, out) is det.

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%

:- implementation.
:- import_module bool, list, term, require, map, std_util.
:- import_module prog_io, prog_io_goal, prog_util.

type_util__type_id_module(_ModuleInfo, qualified(ModuleName, _) -_, ModuleName).
type_util__type_id_module(_ModuleInfo, unqualified(_) - _, "").

type_util__type_id_name(_ModuleInfo, Name0 - _Arity, Name) :-
	unqualify_name(Name0, Name).

type_util__type_id_arity(_ModuleInfo, _Name - Arity, Arity).

type_is_atomic(Type, ModuleInfo) :-
	classify_type(Type, ModuleInfo, BuiltinType),
	BuiltinType \= polymorphic_type,
	BuiltinType \= pred_type,
	BuiltinType \= user_type(_).

type_util__var(term__variable(Var), Var).

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%

	% Given a type, determine what sort of type it is.

classify_type(VarType, ModuleInfo, Type) :-
	(
		VarType = term__variable(_)
	->
		Type = polymorphic_type
	;
		VarType = term__functor(term__atom("character"), [], _)
	->
		Type = char_type
	;
		VarType = term__functor(term__atom("int"), [], _)
	->
		Type = int_type
	;
		VarType = term__functor(term__atom("float"), [], _)
	->
		Type = float_type
	;
		VarType = term__functor(term__atom("string"), [], _)
	->
		Type = str_type
	;
		type_is_higher_order(VarType, _, _)
	->
		Type = pred_type
	;
		type_is_enumeration(VarType, ModuleInfo)
	->
		Type = enum_type
	;
		Type = user_type(VarType)
	).

type_is_higher_order(Type, PredOrFunc, PredArgTypes) :-
	(
		Type = term__functor(term__atom("pred"),
					PredArgTypes, _),
		PredOrFunc = predicate
	;
		Type = term__functor(term__atom("="),
				[term__functor(term__atom("func"),
					FuncArgTypes, _),
				 FuncRetType], _),
		list__append(FuncArgTypes, [FuncRetType], PredArgTypes),
		PredOrFunc = function
	).

type_id_is_higher_order(SymName - Arity, PredOrFunc) :-
	unqualify_name(SymName, TypeName),
	( 
		TypeName = "pred",
		PredOrFunc = predicate
	; 
		TypeName = "=",
		Arity = 2,
		PredOrFunc = function
	).

:- pred type_is_enumeration(type, module_info).
:- mode type_is_enumeration(in, in) is semidet.

type_is_enumeration(Type, ModuleInfo) :-
	type_to_type_id(Type, TypeId, _),
	module_info_types(ModuleInfo, TypeDefnTable),
	map__search(TypeDefnTable, TypeId, TypeDefn),
	hlds_data__get_type_defn_body(TypeDefn, TypeBody),
	TypeBody = du_type(_, _, IsEnum),
	IsEnum = yes.

type_to_type_id(Type, SymName - Arity, Args) :-
	sym_name_and_args(Type, SymName, Args1),

	% higher order types may have representations where
	% their arguments don't directly correspond to the
	% arguments of the term.
	(
		type_is_higher_order(Type, _, PredArgTypes) 
	->
		Args = PredArgTypes,
		list__length(Args1, Arity)	% functions have arity 2, 
						% (they are =/2)
	;
		Args = Args1,
		list__length(Args, Arity)
	).

construct_type(TypeId, Args, Type) :-
	term__context_init(Context),
	construct_type(TypeId, Args, Context, Type).

construct_type(TypeId, Args, Context, Type) :-
	(
		type_id_is_higher_order(TypeId, PredOrFunc)
	->
		(
			PredOrFunc = predicate,
			NewArgs = Args
		;
			PredOrFunc = function,
			pred_args_to_func_args(Args, FuncArgTypes, FuncRetType),
			NewArgs = [term__functor(term__atom("func"),
						FuncArgTypes, Context),
					 FuncRetType]
		)
	;
		NewArgs = Args
	),
	TypeId = SymName - _,
	construct_qualified_term(SymName, NewArgs, Context, Type).

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%

	% Given a constant and an arity, return a type_id.
	% This really ought to take a name and an arity -
	% use of integers/floats/strings as type names should
	% be rejected by the parser in prog_io.m, not in module_qual.m.

make_type_id(term__atom(Name), Arity, unqualified(Name) - Arity).

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%

	% If the type is a du type, return the list of its constructors.

type_constructors(Type, ModuleInfo, Constructors) :-
	type_to_type_id(Type, TypeId, TypeArgs),
	module_info_types(ModuleInfo, TypeTable),
	map__search(TypeTable, TypeId, TypeDefn),
	hlds_data__get_type_defn_tparams(TypeDefn, TypeParams),
	hlds_data__get_type_defn_body(TypeDefn, TypeBody),
	TypeBody = du_type(Constructors0, _, _),
	substitute_type_args(TypeParams, TypeArgs, Constructors0,
		Constructors).

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%

type_util__get_cons_id_arg_types(ModuleInfo, VarType, ConsId, ArgTypes) :-
	(
		type_to_type_id(VarType, TypeId, TypeArgs),
		module_info_ctors(ModuleInfo, Ctors),
		% will fail for builtin cons_ids.
		map__search(Ctors, ConsId, ConsDefns),
		CorrectCons = lambda([ConsDefn::in] is semidet, (
				ConsDefn = hlds_cons_defn(_, TypeId, _)
			)),
		list__filter(CorrectCons, ConsDefns,
			[hlds_cons_defn(ArgTypes0, _, _)]),
		ArgTypes0 \= []
	->
		module_info_types(ModuleInfo, Types),
		map__lookup(Types, TypeId, TypeDefn),
		hlds_data__get_type_defn_tparams(TypeDefn, TypeDefnParams),
		term__term_list_to_var_list(TypeDefnParams, TypeDefnVars),
		term__substitute_corresponding_list(TypeDefnVars, TypeArgs,
			ArgTypes0, ArgTypes)
	;
		ArgTypes = []
	).

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%

	% the checks for type_info and base_type_info
	% are needed because those types lie about their
	% arity; it might be cleaner to change that in
	% mercury_builtin.m, but that would cause some
	% bootstrapping difficulties.

type_is_no_tag_type(Ctors, Ctor, Type) :-
	Ctors = [Ctor - [_FieldName - Type]],
	Ctor \= qualified("mercury_builtin", "type_info"),
	Ctor \= qualified("mercury_builtin", "base_type_info"),
	Ctor \= unqualified("type_info"),
	Ctor \= unqualified("base_type_info").

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%

	% Substitute the actual values of the type parameters
	% in list of constructors, for a particular instance of
	% a polymorphic type.

:- pred substitute_type_args(list(type_param), list(type),
				list(constructor), list(constructor)).
:- mode substitute_type_args(in, in, in, out) is det.

substitute_type_args(TypeParams0, TypeArgs, Constructors0, Constructors) :-
	( TypeParams0 = [] ->
		Constructors = Constructors0
	;
		term__term_list_to_var_list(TypeParams0, TypeParams),
		map__from_corresponding_lists(TypeParams, TypeArgs, Subst),
		substitute_type_args_2(Constructors0, Subst, Constructors)
	).

:- pred substitute_type_args_2(list(constructor), substitution,
				list(constructor)).
:- mode substitute_type_args_2(in, in, out) is det.

substitute_type_args_2([], _, []).
substitute_type_args_2([Name - Args0 | Ctors0], Subst,
		[Name - Args | Ctors]) :-
	substitute_type_args_3(Args0, Subst, Args),
	substitute_type_args_2(Ctors0, Subst, Ctors).

:- pred substitute_type_args_3(list(constructor_arg), substitution,
				list(constructor_arg)).
:- mode substitute_type_args_3(in, in, out) is det.

substitute_type_args_3([], _, []).
substitute_type_args_3([Name - Arg0 | Args0], Subst, [Name - Arg | Args]) :-
	term__apply_substitution(Arg0, Subst, Arg),
	substitute_type_args_3(Args0, Subst, Args).

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%

	% Check whether TypesA subsumes TypesB, and if so return
	% a type substitution that will map from TypesA to TypesB.

type_list_subsumes(TypesA, TypesB, TypeSubst) :-
	%
	% TypesA subsumes TypesB iff TypesA can be unified with TypesB
	% without binding any of the type variables in TypesB.
	%
	term__vars_list(TypesB, TypesBVars),
	map__init(TypeSubst0),
	type_unify_list(TypesA, TypesB, TypesBVars, TypeSubst0, TypeSubst).

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%

	% Types are represented as terms, but we can't just use term__unify
	% because we need to avoid binding any of the "head type params"
	% (the type variables that occur in the head of the clause),
	% and because one day we might want to handle equivalent types.

:- type_unify(X, Y, _, _, _) when X and Y.		% NU-Prolog indexing

type_unify(term__variable(X), term__variable(Y), HeadTypeParams, Bindings0,
		Bindings) :-
	( list__member(Y, HeadTypeParams) ->
		type_unify_head_type_param(X, Y, HeadTypeParams,
			Bindings0, Bindings)
	; list__member(X, HeadTypeParams) ->
		type_unify_head_type_param(Y, X, HeadTypeParams,
			Bindings0, Bindings)
	; map__search(Bindings0, X, BindingOfX) ->
		( map__search(Bindings0, Y, BindingOfY) ->
			% both X and Y already have bindings - just
			% unify the types they are bound to
			type_unify(BindingOfX, BindingOfY, HeadTypeParams,
					Bindings0, Bindings)
		;
			term__apply_rec_substitution(BindingOfX,
				Bindings0, SubstBindingOfX),
			% Y is a type variable which hasn't been bound yet
			( SubstBindingOfX = term__variable(Y) ->
				Bindings = Bindings0
			;
				\+ term__occurs(SubstBindingOfX, Y, Bindings0),
				map__det_insert(Bindings0, Y, SubstBindingOfX,
					Bindings)
			)
		)
	;
		( map__search(Bindings0, Y, BindingOfY) ->
			term__apply_rec_substitution(BindingOfY,
				Bindings0, SubstBindingOfY),
			% X is a type variable which hasn't been bound yet
			( SubstBindingOfY = term__variable(X) ->
				Bindings = Bindings0
			;
				\+ term__occurs(SubstBindingOfY, X, Bindings0),
				map__det_insert(Bindings0, X, SubstBindingOfY,
					Bindings)
			)
		;
			% both X and Y are unbound type variables -
			% bind one to the other
			( X = Y ->
				Bindings = Bindings0
			; 
				map__det_insert(Bindings0, X, term__variable(Y),
					Bindings)
			)
		)
	).

type_unify(term__variable(X), term__functor(F, As, C), HeadTypeParams,
		Bindings0, Bindings) :-
	( 
		map__search(Bindings0, X, BindingOfX)
	->
		type_unify(BindingOfX, term__functor(F, As, C), HeadTypeParams,
			Bindings0, Bindings)
	;
		\+ term__occurs_list(As, X, Bindings0),
		\+ list__member(X, HeadTypeParams),
		map__det_insert(Bindings0, X, term__functor(F, As, C), Bindings)
	).

type_unify(term__functor(F, As, C), term__variable(X), HeadTypeParams,
		Bindings0, Bindings) :-
	( 
		map__search(Bindings0, X, BindingOfX)
	->
		type_unify(term__functor(F, As, C), BindingOfX, HeadTypeParams,
			Bindings0, Bindings)
	;
		\+ term__occurs_list(As, X, Bindings0),
		\+ list__member(X, HeadTypeParams),
		map__det_insert(Bindings0, X, term__functor(F, As, C), Bindings)
	).

type_unify(term__functor(FX, AsX, _CX), term__functor(FY, AsY, _CY),
		HeadTypeParams, Bindings0, Bindings) :-
	list__length(AsX, ArityX),
	list__length(AsY, ArityY),
	(
		FX = FY,
		ArityX = ArityY
	->
		type_unify_list(AsX, AsY, HeadTypeParams, Bindings0, Bindings)
	;
		fail
	).

	% XXX Instead of just failing if the functors' name/arity is different,
	% we should check here if these types have been defined
	% to be equivalent using equivalence types.  But this
	% is difficult because (1) it causes typevarset synchronization
	% problems, and (2) the relevant variables TypeInfo, TVarSet0, TVarSet
	% haven't been passed in to here.

/*******
	...
	;
		replace_eqv_type(FX, ArityX, AsX, EqvType)
	->
		type_unify(EqvType, term__functor(FY, AsY, CY), HeadTypeParams,
				Bindings0, Bindings)
	;
		replace_eqv_type(FY, ArityY, AsY, EqvType)
	->
		type_unify(term__functor(FX, AsX, CX), EqvType, HeadTypeParams,
				Bindings0, Bindings)
	;
		fail
	).

:- pred replace_eqv_type(const, int, list(type), type).
:- mode replace_eqv_type(in, in, in, out) is semidet.

replace_eqv_type(Functor, Arity, Args, EqvType) :-

	% XXX magically_obtain(TypeTable, TVarSet0, TVarSet)

	make_type_id(Functor, Arity, TypeId),
	map__search(TypeTable, TypeId, TypeDefn),
	TypeDefn = hlds_type_defn(TypeVarSet, TypeParams0,
			eqv_type(EqvType0), _Condition, Context, _Status),
	varset__merge(TVarSet0, TypeVarSet, [EqvType0 | TypeParams0],
			TVarSet, [EqvType1, TypeParams1]),
	type_param_to_var_list(TypeParams1, TypeParams),
	term__substitute_corresponding(EqvType1, TypeParams, AsX,
		EqvType).

******/

type_unify_list([], [], _) --> [].
type_unify_list([X | Xs], [Y | Ys], HeadTypeParams) -->
	type_unify(X, Y, HeadTypeParams),
	type_unify_list(Xs, Ys, HeadTypeParams).

:- pred type_unify_head_type_param(tvar, tvar, list(tvar), tsubst, tsubst).
:- mode type_unify_head_type_param(in, in, in, in, out) is semidet.

type_unify_head_type_param(Var, HeadVar, HeadTypeParams, Bindings0,
		Bindings) :-
	( map__search(Bindings0, Var, BindingOfVar) ->
		BindingOfVar = term__variable(Var2),
		type_unify_head_type_param(Var2, HeadVar, HeadTypeParams,
			Bindings0, Bindings)
	;
		( Var = HeadVar ->
			Bindings = Bindings0
		;
			\+ list__member(Var, HeadTypeParams),
			map__det_insert(Bindings0, Var, term__variable(HeadVar),
				Bindings)
		)
	).

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%

type_util__vars(Type, Tvars) :-
	term__vars(Type, Tvars).

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%

apply_substitution_to_type_map(VarTypes0, Subst, VarTypes) :-
	% optimize the common case of an empty type substitution
	( map__is_empty(Subst) ->
		VarTypes = VarTypes0
	;
		map__keys(VarTypes0, Vars),
		apply_substitution_to_type_map_2(Vars, VarTypes0, Subst,
			VarTypes)
	).

:- pred apply_substitution_to_type_map_2(list(var)::in, map(var, type)::in,
				tsubst::in, map(var, type)::out) is det.

apply_substitution_to_type_map_2([], VarTypes, _Subst, VarTypes).
apply_substitution_to_type_map_2([Var | Vars], VarTypes0, Subst,
		VarTypes) :-
	map__lookup(VarTypes0, Var, VarType0),
	term__apply_substitution(VarType0, Subst, VarType),
	map__det_update(VarTypes0, Var, VarType, VarTypes1),
	apply_substitution_to_type_map_2(Vars, VarTypes1, Subst, VarTypes).

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%

apply_rec_substitution_to_type_map(VarTypes0, Subst, VarTypes) :-
	% optimize the common case of an empty type substitution
	( map__is_empty(Subst) ->
		VarTypes = VarTypes0
	;
		map__keys(VarTypes0, Vars),
		apply_rec_substitution_to_type_map_2(Vars, VarTypes0, Subst,
			VarTypes)
	).

:- pred apply_rec_substitution_to_type_map_2(list(var)::in, map(var, type)::in,
				tsubst::in, map(var, type)::out) is det.

apply_rec_substitution_to_type_map_2([], VarTypes, _Subst, VarTypes).
apply_rec_substitution_to_type_map_2([Var | Vars], VarTypes0, Subst,
		VarTypes) :-
	map__lookup(VarTypes0, Var, VarType0),
	term__apply_rec_substitution(VarType0, Subst, VarType),
	map__det_update(VarTypes0, Var, VarType, VarTypes1),
	apply_rec_substitution_to_type_map_2(Vars, VarTypes1, Subst, VarTypes).

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%

apply_substitutions_to_var_map(VarMap0, TSubst, Subst, VarMap) :-
	% optimize the common case of empty substitutions
	( map__is_empty(Subst), map__is_empty(TSubst) ->
		VarMap = VarMap0
	;
		map__keys(VarMap0, TVars),
		map__init(NewVarMap),
		apply_substitutions_to_var_map_2(TVars, VarMap0, TSubst,
			Subst, NewVarMap, VarMap)
	).


:- pred apply_substitutions_to_var_map_2(list(var)::in, map(tvar, var)::in,
		tsubst::in, map(var, var)::in, map(tvar, var)::in, 
		map(tvar, var)::out) is det.

apply_substitutions_to_var_map_2([], _VarMap0, _, _, NewVarMap, NewVarMap).
apply_substitutions_to_var_map_2([TVar | TVars], VarMap0, TSubst, Subst, 
		NewVarMap0, NewVarMap) :-
	map__lookup(VarMap0, TVar, Var),

		% find the new tvar, if there is one, otherwise just
		% create the old var as a type variable.
	( map__search(TSubst, TVar, NewTerm0) ->
		NewTerm = NewTerm0 
	; 
		type_util__var(NewTerm, TVar)
	),

		% find the new var, if there is one
	( map__search(Subst, Var, NewVar0) ->
		NewVar = NewVar0
	;
		NewVar = Var
	),

		% if the tvar is still a variable, insert it into the
		% map with the new var.
	( type_util__var(NewTerm, NewTVar) ->
		map__det_insert(NewVarMap0, NewTVar, NewVar, NewVarMap1)
	;
		NewVarMap1 = NewVarMap0
	),
	apply_substitutions_to_var_map_2(TVars, VarMap0, TSubst, Subst, 
		NewVarMap1, NewVarMap).

%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------%